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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzakugu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Гуманитарные науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kazan Journal of Historical, Linguistic, and Legal Research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-7738</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2171</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/2541-7738.2026.3.66-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzakugu-730</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый закон о бедных 1834 года: изобретение викторианского бедняка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The New Poor Law of 1834: The emergence of Victorian poverty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0171-7672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лежнева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lezhneva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Васильевна Лежнева, магистрант кафедры теории и истории гуманитарного знания</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Lezhneva, Master’s Student, Department of Theory and History of Humanities</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeriya.r23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-9388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репина</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repina</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лорина Петровна Репина, доктор исторических наук, член-корреспондент, главный научный сотрудник Отдела историко-теоретических исследований</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lorina P. Repina, Dr. Sci. (History), Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher, Department of Historical and Theoretical Research; Full Professor, Department of Theory and History of Humanities</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lorinarepina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities; Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>168</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лежнева В.В., Репина Л.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лежнева В.В., Репина Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lezhneva V.V., Repina L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://uzakugu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/730">https://uzakugu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/730</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье исследован вопрос о том, как Новый закон о бедных 1834 г. стал инструментом формирования социального образа викторианского бедняка. Рассмотрены причины введения в действие упомянутого закона и факторы, сделавшие возможным его принятие. На основе анализа текста законодательного акта и предшествующего ему отчета Королевской комиссии по делам бедных прослеживается конструирование стигматизирующего образа бедного. Показано, как этот искусственно созданный образ повлиял на социальную политику, проводившуюся в отношении низших классов. Особое внимание уделено влиянию мальтузианства и бентамизма – философских воззрений создателей реформы, а также тем теоретическим положениям, которые идеологически обосновали новую систему. Сделан вывод о том, что созданный образ, призванный дискредитировать бедных, послужил легитимацией для отмены системы социальной помощи и утверждения нового порядка.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, the way the New Poor Law of 1834 became a tool for shaping the social image of the Victorian poor is investigated. The reasons for its introduction are unveiled, and the factors that made its adoption possible are outlined. Based on the textual analysis of the legislative act and the preceding Poor Law Commissioners’ Report, the emergence and development of a stigmatizing representation of the Victorian poor is traced. The influence of this deliberately created image on Britain’s social policy towards the lower classes is demonstrated. The philosophical doctrines of Malthusianism and Benthamism that were put forward by the architects of the reform are discussed. The theoretical propositions that ideologically justified the new system are identified. It is concluded that the resulting social image, intended to discredit the poor, served as a legitimation for the abolition of the social relief system and the establishment of a new social order.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Новый закон о бедных</kwd><kwd>бедность</kwd><kwd>пауперизм</kwd><kwd>викторианская Англия</kwd><kwd>низшие классы</kwd><kwd>образ бедняка</kwd><kwd>социальная помощь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>New Poor Law</kwd><kwd>poverty</kwd><kwd>pauperism</kwd><kwd>Victorian England</kwd><kwd>lower classes</kwd><kwd>image of poor people</kwd><kwd>social relief</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Englander D. Poverty and Poor Law Reform in 19th Century Britain, 1834–1914: From Chadwick to Booth. Ser.: Seminar Studies in History. 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