uzakuguУченые записки Казанского университета. Серия Гуманитарные наукиKazan Journal of Historical, Linguistic, and Legal Research2541-77382500-2171Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет10.26907/2541-7738.2025.4.77-86uzakugu-435Research ArticleМЕХАНИЗМЫ ОСВОЕНИЯ ПИСЬМЕННОЙ РЕЧИWRITTEN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION MECHANISMSМагноцеллюлярная теория патогенеза дислексии: трудности восприятия движения или слабость М-клеток?Magnocellular theory of dyslexia pathogenesis: Difficulties with motion perception or weakness of M-cells?https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0622-9787ВагаповаА. А.VagapovaA. A.

Алсу Азатовна Вагапова, исследователь НИЛ «Нейрокогнитивные исследования»

Alsu A. Vagapova, Researcher, Neurocognitive Research Laboratory

al_vagapova@mail.ruКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетРоссияKazan Federal UniversityRussian Federation20253010202516747786Copyright © Вагапова А.А., 20252025Вагапова А.А.Vagapova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://uzakugu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/435

Патогенез дислексии имеет полифакторную природу, одной из теорий ее возникновения является магноцеллюлярная: дефицит зрительного гнозиса. Суть ее состоит в сложностях восприятия динамических стимулов у лиц с дислексией, что объясняется дефицитом М-пути зрения. Данная теория не нашла однозначного признания в научных кругах. Отмечается, что существующие разногласия, вероятно, связаны с некорректным выбором диагностических критериев. Проведенное айтрекинговое исследование, включающее в себя стимулы, различающиеся способом подачи, показало различие между функциями М-пути, ответственного за целостное восприятие объекта, и дорсального потока, обрабатывающего информацию о движении. Сделан вывод о том, что влияние состояния зрительного гнозиса на процесс чтения подтверждают корреляции с окулографическими данными и показателями понимания прочитанного. Однако для определения вклада состояния М-клеток в патогенез дислексии должны быть использованы стимулы, учитывающие не специфику движения, а пространственные и временные частоты.

Dyslexia pathogenesis is generally defined based on the multifactorial nature of this disorder. One of the hypotheses is the magnocellular theory suggesting that word blindness stems from the deficit in visual gnosis, i.e., that dyslexic people have difficulties with the perception of dynamic stimuli due to the impairment of their visual M-pathway functioning. However, this point of view has been widely challenged by experts, which is probably associated with incorrect choice of diagnostic criteria. An eye-tracking study was carried out on elementary school students in order to investigate their eye movements in response to visual stimuli with varying modes of presentation. The results revealed differences between the functions of the M-pathway responsible for the holistic perception of an object and the dorsal stream processing information about the object movements. The correlations observed with the oculographic data and the reading comprehension scores confirmed that the state of visual gnosis affects the reading process. Yet, to accurately determine the contribution of the state of M-cells to the pathogenesis of dyslexia, future research should focus on stimuli defined by spatial and temporal frequencies rather than the specificity of motion alone.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.